5 .- COSTUMES, MUSIC AND DANCE
Given that the area we call Ponto covers an area of \u200b\u200balmost 1000 kilometers of coastline and 100 inward divided into separate valleys by high mountains and gorges through which rivers run, we understand that its folklore and traditions are very different depending on the place where we are. As I am no expert on the subject but I just feel drawn to these people and their culture, I focus on those sections that I found more information.
female attire is called Dsupuna or Dsipuna (Ζουπούνα or Ζιπούνα). It is usually used for women in urban centers and is believed to be of Byzantine origin. It consists of several parts with different names, although the designated by the name of the long-sleeved tunic is wide basis. This suit differs from region to region, but also by age of women and their economic situation.
The dsupuna generally consists of the following parts:
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Τάπλα (τεπελίκι) - Tapla (Τepeliki): A disc that is placed on the head, tying it.
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Κόσμημα - Kósmima: Jewelry that indicate the family's financial situation.
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Σπαρέλ - Sparel: Covers the front, from neck to waist.
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Κατιφέ (ζακέτο) - Katif: (jacket): quite luxurious garment worn over the robe, made of silk and trimmed with the area.
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Λαχόρ or ζωνάρ '- Lajór or DSONE: A type of scarf that ties around the waist.
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Ζουπούνα or Ζιπούνα - Dsupuna or dsipuna: Long-sleeved tunic reaching to the ankles. Button leads to the waist. Is open at the sides to promote the mobility of the legs.
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Σαλβάρ - Save: Kind of pants or boyfriends who are below the dsupuna.
Other common items are:
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Λετσέκ - Letsék: scarf that is worn in some areas, no tie, covering a little Tapla.
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Κουντούρας - Kunture: Heeled shoe.
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Γκερνταλούκ - Gerdalúk: necklace made of gold or silver.
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Φοτά - Photographers: A type of apron is fastened around the waist, dark blue with stripes of various colors, which reaches to the feet.
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Κοκνέτσα - Koknetsa: Square fabric which surrounds the body above the dsupuna from the waist to the calves.
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Κοχλίδ '- Kojlíd: Chain of gold or silver around the neck and reaches almost to the waist.
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Κουστίν - Kustín: Jewel in a triangle, made of pierced coins, which usually hang a cross or a small religious picture.
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Τζαγκία - Tzanguía: low red leather shoes that were already being used in Byzantine times. This word, which has disappeared in modern Greek, the term should τσαγκάρης (Tsangaris, shoemaker).
Photo obtained from the book "Χορευτικές Διαδικασίες και Χοροί του Πόντου" of Νίκος Ζουρνατζίδης
The male costume is called ZIPKA (ζίπκα), which is also the name of pants that form the main part of the suit. Other parts are:
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Paslik o paslouk (kefalodesimo) - Paslík o paslúk (pañuelo para la cabeza).
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Khamis (shirt) - Kamís: Camisa de lino de manga larga.
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charm - Filajtó: Amuleto de plata que cuelga del cuello o que va prendido al pecho.
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kiotsek o Time (clock) - Ora or kiotsék: Clock and especially chain hanging down from nearly two meters long.
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Γελέκ (γελέκο) - Yelék: Vest of cotton or wool.
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Κάμα (μαχαίρι) - Kama: Dagger, with its corresponding case.
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Τροπολόζ or ταραπουλούζ (μεταξωτό ζωνάρι) - Tropoloz or tarapulúz: Belt brightly colored silk that can measure up to 6 feet long.
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Εγκόλπιο - Engolpio: A type of box tied with a string, which is a religious image (usually San Jorge).
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Σιλαχλίκ, σελαχλίκ or σελαχλούκ (ζωνάρι) - Silajlik, selajlík or selajlúk: wide leather belt that sits above the tropoloz. Used to hold the knife, bag of snuff and other accessories.
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Καπνοσάκουλο, κοβούς or γαβλούχ - Kapnosákulo, gavlúj kovús or snuff bag made of skin.
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Ζίπκα - ZIPKA: Pants fairly wide ranging from waist to ankle, tapering gradually to be attached to the leg.
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Μέστια - Mestia: Cubrepantorrillas skin coming from the knee to the ankle. Will generally match the shoes.
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Τσάπουλας - Tchapoulas: Shoes low back tipped slightly upward.
Photo obtained from the book "Χορευτικές Διαδικασίες και Χοροί του Πόντου" of Νίκος Ζουρνατζίδης
As instruments music is the most common grouse or kementzés Pondicherry (Λύρα or κεμεντζές). It is usually built with wood that was cut plum early fall so I would not much humidity. The trunk should be free of knots and cracks. Was placed in a pile of manure to be completely dry up, there was left for a long time, sometimes even two years. In Greece, having a drier climate, are also built with other woods.
Images taken el-pontos.blogspot.com
lira size is normally between 45 and 60 centimeters long, with three strings played with a bow (τοξάρ ' toxár) usually made with horse tail-hair. He also played with the fingertips (not the fingernail). Is placed between the legs, as seen in the video (except when playing the lyre, called liraris , standing)
For "Eurovision" Insurance sponded that the lira is not entirely unknown, as it has intervened in some songs, such as who competed last year, Opa, which appears liraris Links Ioannidis. In this link can see his performance.
Other instruments used in music and Pondicherry are ζουρνά ζουρνάς (dsurnás), a wind instrument that is used primarily in open spaces, usually accompanied by the drum or ταούλ '(Taul, νταούλι, Daulia) and αγγείον or τουλούμ '(anguíon or Tulum), a gaita much simpler than we have here in Asturias, another common tool is the γαβάλ or γαβαλόπον (Gavalas or gavalopon), also called χειλιαύριν or χειλιαύλιν (jiliávrin or jiliávlin), a wooden flute that played the shepherds in the mountains. In some areas of Ponto violin is also used (especially in the west) and a kind of lira largest, Kernan (κεμανές). In this page can see the zoning.
image obtained lesxi-pontion.gr
1-Taul. 2-Gavalas. 3-Dsurnás. 4-Lira. 5-Anguíon
As for the dancing, there is great variety, although they can be grouped according to two geographical criteria: a hand we have the western Pontic dances (eg Sinope, Bafra, Neocaesarea, Sampsunda, Ak Dag Maten) that differ from those of the East (as Trebizond, Argyrúpoli, Kerasunda, Ordu, Matsuka, Jeríana, Nikopoli, Kars , etc) not only in the steps or in music, but also the instruments used. Another division can be made between the coastal zone dances and dances of the interior, usually much more intense. This is a generalization, of course, which could be added numerous subdivisions. On this page is a list of dances by region, although not complete.
Typically (with exceptions) is dancing in circle, with the musicians in the center. There is, as in some Greek regions, a "dancer" that begins the dance and makes colorful figures.
past dances took place mostly in religious holidays (like now): Christmas, Easter, New Year, Epiphany, the feast of the town, weddings. If good weather was celebrated in the town square and was used in winter usually a building belonging to the church. Although the dance was so attached to life it was not necessary to have any celebration: it was enough that someone might set up a play and they had these like dancing, like the case today.
The dance more "universal" of Pondicherry is the tik, which has different variants (about 12 or so) in rural areas. Argon can be , Monon , diplón , tromajtón , so gónaton, Imera , etc. One form I find it very attractive for its speed is Toyi tik.
Another dance is quite common OMAL which also has many variations and dances of the same family ( aplón or Monon, diplón of Argyrúpoli of Kars, in Nikópoli ( útsai ) of Bafra ( sarikouz ), Ak-Dag Maten ( tiz ) of Sampsunda ( sampson ) of Kerasunda ( embr'opís' ) ... This does not mean that they were dancing the same, but different dances that were given the same name in different areas, simply because that word OMAL means " smooth, quiet ." In the following video we see a OMAL at first, then move on to a tik diplón and further accelerate the music to end the Toyi tik.
Another variety of or is bad dipat , also called OMAL Trapesundas (Omal of Trebizond). Is very slow and relaxing. I remember a festival in a village in northern Greece where we were dancing dipat for hours. Like many other dances Pondicherry, the dipat allows an incredible connection and communication between those who are dancing in the circle. It is so exciting that even people who know nothing of Pondicherry find it appealing when they hear it. In the following video you can see a group dancing it on TV:
Another dance that I like is títara a Argyrúpolis dance belonging to the family of dipat (although there is another títara Kars nor dislike me and that dance is very different.) To be honest, if you would make a list of dances that I like, I think very few would be left out. As I will not dwell much, just mention my favorites and put videos of some of them: Trygon, Peters, yuvarladum, ether Letsie, letsina, Jalai, dolma, kótsari, you kótsari industry, seranitsa, toms, kalon koríts ...
Of course, there are also dances "men", whose origin dates back several centuries before Christ and had a purpose of preparing for war, as pirrijios or serra , which we have discussed in the second chapter, and atsiapat (which is like the slow version of serra and women also dance in some areas). Both are very bright but also very difficult. The Serra apparently takes its name from a river in the area of \u200b\u200bTrabzon and is one of the oldest dances there, as is mentioned by Xenophon in the Anabasis. Also there is mentioned another male dance par excellence, the dance knives ( μαχαίρια ο πιτσάκ οινί, majéria or pitsák ). Impressive to see it:
This is the text of Xenophon in the talk of the dance:
" After they had made libations and sung the paean, rose about Thracians and danced to the flute with their weapons, taking big jumps with great briskness and moving blades. Finally, one hit the other, it seemed, and he fell with great artifice. The Paphlagonians shouted. And that hit, having stripped the fallen from his arms, singing out Sitalces. Other Thracians took the vanquished as if dead, given that nothing would have happened. "
The last of which I speak is a dance rather peculiar, since it is almost a theatrical performance. Is the so-called μωμογέρια, μωμοέρια or κοτσαμάνια ( momoguéria, momoéria or kotsamánia ). Held in early winter, coinciding with Christmas, although some areas may extend even to the carnival. Their roots are in remote antiquity, since it is a pagan festival in honor of Momo, god of satire. Very reminiscent of the "winter masquerade" taking place in many parts of the Iberian Peninsula, both for its satirical as the interaction that occurs with the public. There are recurring characters, like the devil, the bride, the old, old, bear, doctor ... and others that vary according to the towns where they are held. But the best is to see one of the videos recorded in the Panhellenic festival:
some years there is a festival of dances Pondicherry, which is now in its sixth edition. It brings together associations throughout Greece and presents a varied repertoire. Here you can see some 1700 dancers with a embr'opis' and kotsijtón OMAL of Kerasunda:
In this one we see the following dances: sarikuz Kars, turi, you kótsari geometry, kótsari , Omal Trapesúndas and Kars Omal . Is very long, but worth it:
One feature that immediately calls attention is the τρέμουλο (trembling), a kind of shakes with the dances of the mountainous interior, Kars and especially Nikopoli. You can see more clearly in the video below, as there are close-ups of the dancers:
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Finally, I quote the words of a dance teacher in a recent interview Pondicherry, Christos Sidirópulos, who when asked if the street people still dance the dances or performances are preserved in the following reply: "The dances of the Pond Like most of the dances of Greece, are alive. The current dance young and old, men and women at parties and family celebrations in all towns and cities where they live Pondicherry. They are not museum pieces, preserved in a scenario. Nor are choreographed dances added to be more spectacular, for tourists. Here we teach such as the dancing continues people today. The dances are still linked to everyday life and still have the same sense of party, to enjoy being together. "
Maria Paz
Links to previous chapters:
The Pondicherry: a stateless people (I. Introduction)
The Pondicherry: a people without a country (II. 2700 years of history)
The Pondicherry: a stateless people (III. The great catastrophe)
The Pondicherry: a stateless people (IV. The Russian-Pondicherry)
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