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Pondicherry: A PEOPLE WITHOUT PATRIΑ (VI)

6 .- LANGUAGE

The language spoken by the Pondicherry (ποντιακά, pondiaká) is a Greek variant of which has its roots in antiquity and is one of the two dialects of Asia Minor (the other is the Cappadocian, who is now almost extinct). It is based on the Ionian Greeks who took Miletus when they founded the first colony in the seventh century BC, although it has undergone many changes and influences over the centuries, much of the surrounding languages \u200b\u200bas other variants of the Greek. I do not attempt here a comprehensive study of its characteristics but simply to highlight those that caught my attention (I'm no expert, I'm just looking for a self-taught and rather casual). I hope not too boring for non-philologists. To compensate a little, after the "roll philological" I will put some interesting sights and videos with lyrics translated Pondicherry.

First, it highlights the fact that has many anachronisms, ie remnants of the ancient or medieval language (jonismos and Byzantine) are not in modern Greek. For example, conservation-ν (Jan) final or denial 'κι that comes from the ancient Ionian adverb which we find in Homer: ουκί. You can keep Ionians as terms κοσσάρα (κότα, chicken) or the ancient Greek infinitive, which in modern Greek disappeared being replaced by a periphrastic form (δύναμαι λέγειν -> δύναμαι ίνα λέγω -> μπορώ να λέω) but in Pondicherry are preserved in certain situations. Also I have drawn much attention to the maintenance of the imperatives in-σον: γράψον (γράψε, write), ποίσον (\u0026lt;ποίησον, φτιάξε, beam).

Another archaism is the pronunciation of the sound Ionian η (and longer) than in common Greek came to be pronounced as / i / since ancient times. Pondicherry has been preserved in the pronunciation as / e / in many words: νύφε (νύφη, novia), pegadin (well, pozo), kepin (sions, diminutivo de garden, jardín), thieves (thief, ladrón), terminal (vine, vid) , friend ever (I got, got, cogí), etc. aunque hay numerosas excepciones debidas, en parte, a la influencia del griego moderno. También la conservación de las consonantes DB en lugar de beats: break (butcher, degollar), spingo (clench, ahogar), aspalo y aspalizo (tutus, cerrar) , anaspallo (re-lapse, olvidar) y en general la conservación of occlusive π, τ, κ in some words instead of affricates φ, θ, χ.

In some areas (since the turn Pondicherry has several variants), unstressed vowels disappear ι, ου in the middle of the word or the end, something resembling the dialects of Northern Greece . Thus it is said κόρ ' , πεγάδ' , τραπέζ ' , άκ'σον , γίν'νταν instead of κόρη , πεγάδιν , τραπέζιν , άκουσον , γίνουνταν seen in other areas. At other times, instead of removing the voice is added by analogy to the end of the word, especially when followed by a pronoun: And that happens very often in the songs that appear one iota added metric reasons.

Another feature that calls attention right away when we heard a song is the pronunciation of many sibilant fricatives: for χέρι (hand, pronounced in modern Greek "Jeri", with a jack too soft), the Pondicherry say χέριν (pronounced "Sherin" with a particular sound, like the "ch" French and even the "x" Asturian eg "xana"). The same happens with consonants σ, ζ, ξ, ψ, which often also become fricatives. At other times there is a loss of intervocalic sound, as the wish to congratulate used eg Christmas: υείαν και ευλοίαν! (υγεία και ευλογία, health and blessing).

This is one of the books I used to write this article

also struck by the abundant use of diminutive suffix-οπον: poulopon (birdie, pajarito), lalopon (de speech , little voice, vocecita) KORTSOPON (girl, muchachita), macheropon (macheraki, cuchillito). Y otro tanto ocurre con el sufijo que se usa para formar el femenino de muchos adjetivos,-Essenes. The female is μικρός μικρέσσα ορφανός and the ορφανέσσα . It reminds me of our prince, princess, Count Countess Duke Duchess.

pronouns are placed at the end of the verb, unlike in modern Greek: έγκα σε (old ήνεγκον σοι, σου'φερα, I brought), λέγω σε (σου λέω, I say), δίγω σε (σου δίνω, I give you.) Something similar happens in the Asturias, where it is common to hear "dígotelo me." Indeed, as shown in the examples, is noteworthy σε pronoun usage for both the direct complement to the indirect.

A phenomenon which is extremely surprising to those who have studied ancient Greek sobresdrújulas is to find words with accent on the fourth syllable or even in the fifth from the end, something that happens mostly in the vocative ( Χάραλαμπε ) or verbs.

The Pondicherry, like other variants of the Greek (as the Cretan), does not use but είντα τι interrogative, simplified form ντο : ντο φτάς; (τι κάνεις, what are you doing? how about that?) ντο να ίνουμε; (τι θα γίνω, what will become of me?) ντο εν αούτο; (τι ειν 'αυτό, what is that?). And this last example that I have reminds me of the characteristic use of third person pronoun αούτος or αβούτος αυτός instead. That made it one of the nicknames that they put the Pondicherry in Greece was that of Αούτηδες (aútides).

Another

Unlike the modern Greek is the maintenance of many word-final hiatus: καρδία , λαλία , παιδία , χωρίον (instead of καρδιά λαλιά παιδιά χωριό). In contrast, in a few words with diphthong sound is pronounced halfway between the two, there are two neutral vowels "o-εα ια becomes a sound that is neither" a "or" e "( παρχάρια, όρνεα ), so it is with-ιο, "εο ( άγριος , παλαιώνω ), with a sound between" e "and" or. " It is also striking gender change in many words, for example, many women that become neutral plural: τα κόσσαρας (οι κότες) or the ending-ον for male names: ο θεόν (ο θεός God), ο λύκον (ο λύκος, the wolf). If all these differences we add the use of words that are completely unknown to the speakers of Greek, will usually result in a dialect incomprehensible to the "uninitiated". Just look at these examples: κουτσί , πατσή (κορίτσι, κοπέλα, girl), παρχάρια (meadows, prados, pastos de verano), rachia (pronunciado rasa , mountains, montes), It was this vision (del antiguo ear, ear, oído), ovon ( egg, huevo), efanthen (shown, pareció), OKNE (Lazy vague), άλλο καλλίον (καλύτερο the better).

could say much more about a language with many centuries of history, but I think I've bored you enough for today. To liven up a bit this chapter so dry I'll put (with English translation) a few songs I like especially. The first is sung by Alexis dipat Parjaridis, which I've put pictures of the church of Santa Sofia (Αγία Σοφία, Ayasofya) in the city of Trabzon:

And the second is a OMAL Monon, also sung by Parjaridis, this time with pictures of the monastery of Sumela Panayi (Παναγία Σουμελά), the main monastery of Pontus, in the mountains Trabzon region:

Finally, I will discuss the enormous amount of works that are written in Pondicherry, including the translation of some numbers Asterix.

By the way, you can consult the Wikipedia Pondicherry.

We're nearing the end of our journey. The next chapter (which will be the last) address matters more interesting, varied.

Maria Paz

Links to previous chapters:

I. Introduction

II. 2700 years of history

III. The great catastrophe

IV. The Russian-sponded

V. Costumes, music and dance

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30 years, 30 Singles (11). Guns n 'Roses, Paradise City. A Marvel Studios

I recently read a description Guns N 'Roses that was saying that Oasis were, before Oasis. A band best known for its internal hard feelings, his megalomania and a thousand more things rather than their talent. I lived

Guns fever from Terminator 2 and You Could Be Mine, I bought the 11-year records because music was not a priority and even if there was no internet could record the songs I liked from the radio ( You Could as I did ... and some more of the Guns). I remember that every move is watched very closely, I remember criticism of the new signings (Matt Sorum and Gilby Clarke), I remember the videos for Axl gone to pot (November Rain, Strange), and you tell me the Slash playing scenes in places more and more convoluted.

admit that behind the Guns had a lot of shit and interests but there were music and good, especially for Destruction Apettite before Axl's ego come to life.

Paradise City is for me the best song of the group, a clear example of who could write songs with hooks, strong and reviled today that Slash brought back the classic guitar sound disregarding the heritage (and weary) of vanhalenianos the masts runs.

I think it was the last great rock band before it all sank (Grunge, I curse you. Except Soundgraden).

Take me to the Paradise City where the grass is green and good tias'tan.

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say NO!!

Although it was the distant and Blade (1998) who opened fire from the Marvel adaptations I will focus on movies that Marvel Studios began producing independently in 2008. This year two films showed characters under the control of the brand could give more of himself than when the revamped foreign hands (4F, Daredevil and other messes). Iron Man was a pleasant surprise, a project that seemed to be stillborn, as neither character was attractive, Favreau was not (and is) big thing as director and was a hard one recovered by Robert Downey Jr., peer blew the flute and the film was a blockbuster, Downey had good reviews and got into the pocket to the public, industry and critics.

the other the other hand we have The Incredible Hulk Leterrier achiever with a great Ed Norton managed to revive the emerald giant after bad scripting visual Despiporre Perpetrator Ang Lee (Bruce Krenzler? Unforgivable), the film was and is more like a Marvel comic I've ever seen this freak who writes and his concept of a movie sequel that there has never been surpassed, peer balance was not as positive that executives wanted, it thundered Norton future projects, the film was popular and profitable but not in principle until 2013 or 2014 does not see the light of a new Hulk movie.

After such pleasing results was only waiting for the arrival of the new films that compose the road map to The Avengers (2012), but Things have changed since 2008. Iron Man 2

clear where the shots will go in the Marvel films, Iron Man repertición scheme that was successful pa'algo 2008 (forget the Hulk and the heavy Norton). Action, bad jokes, romance, robots and Robert Downey in high doses. To me they were about to burn the character in the second movie, but it could have been a momentary error, NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO. Yesterday I swallowed

Thor Kenneth Branagh and to my disgust I could see how the errors are still present Iron Man 2: bad jokes and romance pa'dar and drinking.

The movie is not bad in itself, is entertaining and is correctly made but nothing ventured nothing. It's like the guest who does not know anyone in the party and tries to please everyone, sometimes he gets it and some do not but the way he makes his true personality.

The plot, set in Asgard is fine but the part on Earth obnoxious at times, goofing Thor, delivering fuel to the WWF style, and supposed to be learning the lesson learned ... .. basicamenteeee . porqueee if the script does not advance.

This also can be attributed to the romance between Thor and Jane Foster (the pavisosa of the Portman), in less than 24 hours we have an undying love. I understand that Jane Foster falls in love with a giant with muscles even in the ears, but Thor can hope to authentic Norse goddesses, please a bit of depth that one is already a "professional" and does not suck your finger.

But certainly what I fuck is to ignore the contribution of the myth of Jack Kirby Thor Asgard majestic and incredible that he alone was able to conceive, if I were in charge of a project like this would use the work of Kirby as a style guide. Well, that became the Bifrost bridge into a Stargate controlled by an African American Norse god is simply hilarious and depressing at the same time, offered to change the concept looking for something original.

I guess Kirby ignore him because the poor and can not complain and their heirs will receive checks for that juicy scandals armen. While Stan vendepeines (which does not work for Marvel) is weary with cameos (why not show Walter Simonson?) and hogging hours TV is what you like.

stay at home after going to say something nice about Thor, the ice giants, Loki, the 3 warriors and Sif, and in general everything works Asgardian despite (in the absence of touch Kirby) that required an investment more to really amaze the staff. Well

also must thank appears FINAL Avenger: Clint Burton / Hawkeye, played by a convincing (2 minutes do not give more) Jeremy Renner. Marvel Studios

not risk when they should have, Thor would be the movie that show the world that this was serious but too timid script makes a film as entertaining as forgettable.

If the release of Captain America does not raise the level, the Avengers movie could be a catastrophe of biblical proportions (being another vendepeines as Whedon of hope through the worst)

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TV Eye: Crematorium. HBO made in Spain. Visiting

After 8 chapters Crematorium is finally over, the miniseries based on the novel by Rafael Chirbes and rewarded in 2007 with the National Review.

not know the novel (which I promise to remedy in the summer) but the series has was what this country needs in terms of TV. Canal + (producer of the invention) having been nourished by a decade of production of U.S. channel HBO has decided to take the step that no one seemed willing to give, to mature to the English TV fiction (in Italy they did with the great Rome the Criminal I highly recommend it.)

Crematorium during only 8 chapters recounts the decline of urban empire built up over 30 years by the architect and builder Rubén Bertomeu (José Sancho stunning as always), their family relationships and emotional ties as well as a few backstabbing ( great trio: Traian, Collado and SARC).

Accompanying the main plot are the flashbacks (which would provide for a separate story of gigantic proportions) that we have Bertucci's rise from his farm in Misenta (near Valencia ficiticia) to cement the sky, money, and corruption that it has created and is cracking.

Shot in cinema format, with good performances in general terms we have a series that strays from what we usually offer this country in terms of TV, no family doctor, the super, Aida, physics or chemistry or other cathodic slag.

Crematorium in biting the jugular of the television landscape that is the well-known and underused (in cultural) issue of urban corruption without mincing even though its small format makes it lose a little depth. And pass offers Iberian version of The Godfather or The Sopranos forming one of the first myths of the English television that we could export without shame.

8 chapters in principle but that no one was surprised that Chirbes and Canal + is for a hypothetical alien below.

courtesy Loquillo topic.

And a trailer for the undecided.

I remind the staff that in just a couple of weeks and will be available on DVD or BLURAY for 30 euros. I sure peak.